基于熵权法的安徽省湿地重要性评估

湿地重要性评估是湿地生态系统功能有效管理的基础性工作,湿地功能要素的识别是科学、客观地评估湿地的保护价值及其重要性的前提条件,同时是识别湿地保护地空缺,加强湿地保护规划的重要基础.结合安徽省湿地特点,采用熵权法从湿地的必要性、稀有性、及其调节功能、资源功能等9个方面选取22个指标,构建了安徽省湿地重要性评估指标体系,对安徽省湿地斑块进行生态保护价值重要性评估,并根据自然断裂法,将安徽省湿地划分为极重要、高度重要、较重要和一般重要湿地,同时利用主成分分析法对湿地重要性的影响因素进行分析.结果 表明:安徽省湿地重要性评估分值在0.9741～6.5588之间,其中极重要湿地(4.0271～6.5588)居多,主要分布在长江、淮河流域,面积约50.30万hm2,占研究区域湿地面积的48.29％,高度重要湿地(2.4049～4.0270)约13.25万hm2,较重要湿地(1.4351～2.4048)面积约18.17万hm2,一般重要湿地(0.9741～1.4350)约22.40万hm2,零星分布于全省;湿地鸟类资源、国家重点保护物种数、水资源、水质以及湿地的自然性等是安徽省湿地重要性的主要影响因素.建立的评估指标体系和评估结果为安徽省湿地的保护价值定位、优先建立建设和等级划分管理提供理论依据.     

Characteristics analysis of near-field and far-field aerodynamic noise around high-speed railway bridge

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aerodynamic noise around the high-speed railway bridge is studied by the train-bridge-flow field numerical model and theory analysis. With the...     

汉江与嘉陵江源区黄土的风化成土强度及其在土壤系统分类中的归属

以汉江源区(李家河村)和嘉陵江源区(杨家山村)黄土剖面为研究对象,对其粒度、元素组成、团聚体等进行分析与对比,探究两地土壤成土强度与系统分类归属.结果表明两江源区的土壤风化成土特征级类明显不同:(1)两地土壤团聚体主要分布在0.25～1 mm范围内,但汉江源区(LJH)土壤上部的大团聚体含量R0.25值(83.73％)、平均重量直径MWD值(2.17)和几何平均直径GMD值(1.11)均大于嘉陵江源区(YJS)的土壤(其R0.25值为69.81％,MWD和GMD值分别为1.06、0.47),团聚体稳定性更强,而剖面中下部则相反,土体稳定性弱于后者;(2)嘉陵江源区土壤的风化程度仅达到低等向中等强度过渡阶段,与其相比,汉江源区土壤的钾钠比值和残积指数较高、硅铝铁率和淋溶系数较低,钙、钠等易溶元素风化淋失更强,产生的富铝黏土矿物更多,达到中等风化强度,故后者风化成土强度远大于前者;(3)在土壤系统分类中,汉江源区黄土母质发育的土壤可归为斑纹简育湿润淋溶土,嘉陵江源区土壤可归为普通钙积干润淋溶土.     

一种基于蚯蚓学习行为的神经毒性实验方法研究

土壤生物的学习行为是一种综合性的神经高级活动,对土壤中的神经毒性污染物生态风险监测具有重要价值.本研究设计了一套试验装置,基于蚯蚓对白光刺激的厌恶本性,通过振动-白光配对刺激,对蚯蚓进行学习训练,使蚯蚓领会借助加速移动阻止白光刺激的策略,通过蚯蚓到达移动位移阈值的时间测定,对蚯蚓的学习行为进行测试,建立了蚯蚓的学习行为测试方法.采用建立的测试方法,对土壤中东莨菪碱和毒死蜱诱导下蚯蚓的学习行为进行了测试,结果表明,1～3 mg·kg-1东莨菪碱与4～12 mg·kg-1毒死蜱污染处理均对蚯蚓的学习能力造成了损伤,污染浓度越高,蚯蚓的学习能力损伤越严重.该测试方法可以快速有效地检测土壤污染导致的蚯蚓学习行为变化,有望用于低浓度神经毒性农药污染土壤的神经毒性快速诊断.     

The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fetal growth has been demonstrated to be an important predictor of perinatal and postnatal health. Although the effects of maternal exposure to air...     

Combination with catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis and activated carbon adsorption for advanced reclaimed water treatment: simultaneous nitrate and biorefractory organics removal

A process combining catalyzed Fe(0)-carbon microelectrolysis (IC-ME) with activated carbon (AC) adsorption was developed for advanced reclaimed water treatment. Simultaneous nitrate reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved, and the effects of composite catalyst (CC) addition, AC addition, and initial pH were investigated. The reaction kinetics and reaction mechanisms were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that CC addition could enhance the reduction rate of nitrate and effectively inhibit the production of ammonia. Moreover, AC addition increased the adsorption capacity of biorefractory organic compounds (BROs) and enhanced the degradation of BRO. The reduction of NO₃^?–N at different pH values was consistently greater than 96.9%, and NH₄⁺–N was suppressed by high pH. The presence of CC ensured the reaction rate of IC-ME at high pH. The reaction kinetics orders and constants were calculated. Catalyzed iron scrap (IS)-AC showed much better nitrate reduction and BRO degradation performances than IS-AC and AC. The IC-ME showed great potential for application to nitrate and BRO reduction in reclaimed water.

     

Distribution Characteristics and Implication of n-alkanes in Soils and Plants in Alpine Meadow

Russian Journal of Ecology - The present study was conducted to investigate the n-alkane composition of typical alpine meadows. Plant and soil samples were collected and analyzed to characterize...     

Distribution,source, and environmental risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water,suspended particulate matter,and sediment of a typical Yangtze River Delta City,China

Phthalates (PAEs) in drinking water sources such as the Yangtze River in developing countries had aroused widespread concern. Here, the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from 15 sites in wet and dry seasons in Zhenjiang, for the determination of six PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP) using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) or ultrasonic extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of six PAEs (Σ₆PAEs) spanned a range of 2.65–39.31 μg L^?1 in water, 1.97–34.10 μg g^?1 in SPM, and 0.93–34.70 μg g^?1 in sediment. The partition coefficients (K_d1) of PAEs in water and SPM phase ranged from 0.004 to 3.36 L g^?1 in the wet season and from 0.12 to 2.84 L g^?1 in the dry season. K_d2 of PAEs in water and sediment phase was 0.001–9.75 L g^?1 in the wet season and 0.006–8.05 L g^?1 in the dry season. The dominant PAEs were DIBP, DBP, and DEHP in water and SPM, DIBP, DEHP, and DOP in sediment. The concentration of DBP in water exceeded the China Surface Water Standard. The discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater might be the main potential sources of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) method used for the risk assessment revealed that DBP (0.01 < RQ < 1) posed a medium risk, while DIBP and DEHP (RQ > 1) posed a high environmental risk in water, DIBP (RQ > 1) also showed a high risk in sediment.

     

2016—2017年武汉市城区大气PM2.5污染特征及来源解析

利用2016年1月至2017年9月湖北省环境监测中心站大气复合污染自动监测站的在线监测数据，对武汉市城区PM_2.5的污染特征及主要来源进行解析。结果表明，武汉市城区PM_2.5质量浓度呈现出明显的季节差异，季节变化规律为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。水溶性离子的主要成分SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺占总离子质量浓度的82.0%。PM_2.5中阴离子相对阳离子较为亏损，颗粒整体呈碱性。夏季气态污染物的氧化程度较高且SO₂较NO₂氧化程度高。后向轨迹分析结果表明，区域传输是武汉市PM_2.5的一个重要来源，在4个典型重污染阶段，武汉市分别受到局地、东北、西北及西南方向气团传输的影响。PMF模型解析出武汉市PM_2.5五大主要来源及平均贡献率：扬尘22.0%、机动车排放27.7%、二次气溶胶21.6%、重油燃烧14.9%和生物质燃烧13.8%。     

基于双指标多等级的土壤重金属生态风险评价

采用土壤中重金属的全量和有效态双重指标,建立基于多等级综合评估的土壤中重金属生态风险评价模型,将联合概率曲线法引入土壤评价模型,分析重金属暴露浓度与毒性数据的概率分布,考察重金属对土壤生物的毒害程度,从而确定土壤中重金属对于生态系统的风险。建立从简单到复杂的多等级综合评价方法,表征重金属的污染等级、浓度效应、多种重金属污染物的协同效应、不同重金属的毒性效应和土壤对不同重金属污染物的敏感性。选择典型地区采集有代表性的土壤样品,测定不同重金属的总量和有效态,验证评价模型的实用性和评价分级的合理性。旨在解决土壤重金属风险评价的方法学问题,为土壤环境质量管理提供支持。